Mass Strandings of Whales and Dolphins Đề thi IELTS LISTENING (practice test)

Bên cạnh Phân tích +kèm sửa bài"The table below shows the number of visitors in the UK and their average spending from 2003 to 2008" IELTS WRITING TASK 1 (table), IELTS TUTOR cũng cung cấp Mass Strandings of Whales and Dolphins Đề thi IELTS LISTENING (practice test)

Questions 31 - 40

Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

Mass Strandings of Whales and Dolphins

Mass strandings: situations where groups of whales. dolphins, etc. swim onto the beach and die

Common in areas where: the 31 ............... can change quickly.

Several other theories:

Parasites

e.g. some parasites; can affect murine animals`' 32 ...................... , which they depend on for navigation

Toxins

Poisons from 33 ...................... or ......................, which are commonly consumed by whales

eg. Cape Cod (l988) - whales were killed by saxitoxin

Accidental Strandings

Animals may follow prey ashore. eg. Thurston (1995)

Unlikely because the majority of animals were not 34 ...................... when they stranded

Human Activity

35 ................... from military tests are linked to some recent standings
The Bahamas (2000) stranding was unusual because the whales

• were all 36............
• Were not in a 37 ...........

Group Behavior

• More strandings in the most 38 ………………………….species of whales
• 1994 dolphin stranding — only the 39 …………………... was ill

Further Reading

Marine Mammals Ashore (Connor) gives information about stranding 40 …………………………..

01:14
Good afternoon everyone. Well, with some of you about to go out on field work, it's timely that in this afternoon's session I'll be sharing some ideas about the reasons why groups of whales and dolphins sometimes swim ashore from the sea right onto the beach and, most often, die in what are known as mass strandings. Unfortunately, this type of event is a frequent occurrence in some of the locations that you'll be travelling to, where sometimes

01:43
the tide goes out suddenly, confusing the animals. However, there are many other theories about the causes of mass strandings. The first is that the behaviour is linked to parasites. It's often found that stranded animals were infested with large numbers of parasites. For instance, a type of worm is commonly found in the ears of dead whales. Since marine animals rely heavily on their hearing to navigate,

02:12
This type of infestation has the potential to be very harmful. Another theory is related to toxins or poisons. These have also been found to contribute to the death of many marine animals. Many toxins, as I'm sure you're aware, originate from plants or animals. The whale ingests these toxins in its normal feeding behaviour.

02:38
But whether these poisons directly or indirectly lead to stranding and death seems to depend upon the toxin involved. In 1988, for example, 14 humpback whales examined after stranding along the beaches of Cape Cod were found to have been poisoned after eating tuna that contained saxitoxin, the same toxin that can be fatal in humans.

03:07
Alternatively, it has also been suggested that some animals strand accidentally by following their prey ashore in the confusion of the chase. In 1995, David Thurston monitored pilot whales that beached after following squid ashore. However, this idea does not seem to hold true for the majority of mass strandings because examination of the animal's stomach contents reveal that most had not been feeding as they stranded.

03:37
There are also some new theories which link strandings to humans. A growing concern is that loud noises in the ocean cause strandings. Noises such as those caused by military exercises are of particular concern and have been pinpointed as the cause of some strandings of late. One of these, a mass stranding of whales in 2000 in the Bahamas coincided closely with experiments using a new submarine detection system.

04:07
There were several factors that made this stranding stand out as different from previous strandings. This led researchers to look for a new cause. For one, all the stranded animals were healthy. In addition, the animals were spread out along 38 kilometres of coast, whereas it's more common for the animals to be found in a group when mass strandings occur. A final theory is related to group behaviour.

04:35
and suggests that sea mammals cannot distinguish between sick and healthy leaders and will follow sick leaders even to an inevitable death. This is a particularly interesting theory since the whales that are thought to be most social, the toothed whales, are the group that strand the most frequently. The theory is also supported by evidence from a dolphin stranding in 1994. Examination of the dead animals revealed that

05:05
apart from the leader, all the others had been healthy at the time of their death. Without one consistent theory, however, it is very hard for us to do anything about this phenomenon except to assist animals where and when we can. Stranding networks have been established around the world to aid in rescuing animals and collecting samples from those that could not be helped. I recommend John Connors Marine Mammals Assure

05:34
as an excellent starting point if you're interested in finding out more about these networks or establishing one yourself. >> IELTS TUTOR lưu ý: Bài sửa đề thi 22/8"Many companies nowadays sponsor sport as a way of advertising themselves. Some people think that it is good for the world of sport. Others say there are disadvantages. Discuss both view and give opinion"HS đi thi đạt 7.0 IELTS WRITING

31. tide(s)
32. hearing/ ear/ ears
33. plants and animals
34. feeding
35. noise(s)
36. healthy
37. group

38. social
39. leader
40. network(s) >> IELTS TUTOR lưu ý: PHÂN TÍCH ĐỀ THI TASK 1 VIẾT THƯ NGÀY 05/7/2020"you are going to take a holiday and your friend agrees to stay at your house. Write a letter to him for"IELTS WRITING GENERAL MÁY TÍNH (kèm bài được sửa HS đạt 6.0 đi thi thật)

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